Birman, Gibson, and Elliott (2015) evaluated post-operative surgical pain in children (ages 16 years and younger), following cochlear implant surgery via assessment of analgesia use. Between August 2010 and November 2012, 98 children were implanted, 61 were reported. Of the 61 children who were reported, 19 children required no pain relief and 42 children used paracetamol (aka acetaminophen in the United States) Additionally, 1 child required oxycodeine for 1 day (following bilateral implant surgery), and codeine phosphate was used by 1 child for 3 days.